A pesar de que China estaba muy avanzada en productividad agrícola y tecnológica en el período de tiempo que condujo al siglo XIV, el país detuvo su desarrollo y se quedó atrás en comparación con Occidente. Es importante mencionar que el ámbito de la innovación en la posmodernidad se caracterizó por notables inventos como el papel, la pólvora y la brújula magnética; elementos que se convirtieron en componentes cruciales para facilitar el progreso en Europa.
La “gran pregunta de Needham”, también conocida como “la paradoja de Needham”, es la siguiente: ¿por qué China había sido superada por Occidente en ciencia y tecnología, a pesar de sus éxitos anteriores?
Muchos explicaron el estancamiento del desarrollo de China por el concepto de “trampa del equilibrio de alto nivel”, que se caracterizó por la falta de capital humano y espíritu empresarial, mercados restringidos y riesgos políticos.
La explicación de por qué la Revolución Industrial no se originó en China está asociada con la naturaleza de la invención y el descubrimiento. Por ejemplo, en el período de tiempo premoderno, las innovaciones se desarrollaron a partir de la experiencia adquirida durante muchos años de realizar las mismas tareas. Contrariamente a esto, el período posmoderno se caracterizó por la innovación derivada de los experimentos. Por lo tanto, China se retrasó en su desarrollo innovador porque no hizo un cambio hacia la innovación basada en experimentos y continuó basando los avances tecnológicos en la experiencia.
Muchas teorías explican la paradoja de Needham de por qué la tecnología de China estaba tan por delante de las civilizaciones occidentales pero fracasó en los tiempos modernos. A pesar de que la gran población de China facilitó las innovaciones y el desarrollo en tiempos premodernos, el país colapsó en su camino hacia el avance debido a la falta de integración del componente científico en la creación de nuevos inventos. Esto significa que el país tenía que estar mejor equipado con tecnología importante e innovaciones adaptativas que facilitarían la investigación nacional y pondrían al país por delante de los demás.
Let’s see, what do I start? Despite losing most of Northern China to the Jin, the Song to their credit were still able to hold off the Jin and later Mongols for most of their dynasty by investing in strong fortifications at key strategic locations, and of course their advanced gunpowder weapons certainly kept their enemies at bay, even when the Song bureaucracy and its emperors became increasingly feckless and corrupt. One example is their navy. As unlike their northern neighbors the Song could employ riverboats equipped with paddle wheel technology that had better movement and maneuverability compared to traditional sailing ships. These boats equipped were equipped with trebuchets that lobbed gunpowder bombs at enemy fleets were virtually unassailable when taking on the Jin navy on the Yangtze. These ships were so effective that they were even used up until the Opium Wars, much to the surprise of the British who did not expect the Chinese to be this advanced in their nautical technology.
I think the Chinese would have definitely gone Industrialized had it not been for the Mongols. China during the Song Dynasty 宋朝 was pretty advance due to inheriting some levels of science and technology from the past Chinese Dynasty the Tang 唐朝. It’s population was already at a height of 80 million people. Meanwhile the total population of all of Europe during the 1000s CE combined was only at 56.4 million people only. Also like you said in this video their GDP was pretty high about $997 million. Plus Europe wasn’t even unified and was mostly their own small independent Kingdoms or nations, while China was unified as one and large as one. China was also the first to build the clock tower long before the British did it in the 1800s CE. China even had lots and lots of machines similar to the British Industrial Revolution in the 1800s CE. China also produce the largest amount of Iron and were able to make at least 120,000 tons or more of Iron each year. Meanwhile the British were only able to make only 12,000 tons of Iron before their Industrial Revolution. Let’s not forget the Chinese were already the first to use coal before anyone else. China during the Song Dynasty had not only lots of lots of machines they also had advance science and technologies of their time. But sadly we will never know or see Song Dynasty’s 宋朝 lost and advance science and technology because of the Mongols.
Who said being unified is an advantage at early industrialization? Possibly being disunified and the competition between states is the most advantageous situation for that level of development.
Even more importantly, had the rough equilibrium between Southern Song, Xi Xia and the Jurchen Jin continued; we might have seen the rise of a sort of proto-Chinese colonial Empire in SE Asia and potentially Australia driven by a need to “play tall,” so to speak; allowing the East Asian sphere to begin dominating and exploiting a fairly new economic frontier, just as the Europeans did the Americas.
A pesar de que China estaba muy avanzada en productividad agrícola y tecnológica en el período de tiempo que condujo al siglo XIV, el país detuvo su desarrollo y se quedó atrás en comparación con Occidente. Es importante mencionar que el ámbito de la innovación en la posmodernidad se caracterizó por notables inventos
como el papel, la pólvora y la brújula magnética; elementos que se convirtieron en componentes cruciales para facilitar el progreso en Europa.
La “gran pregunta de Needham”, también conocida como “la paradoja de Needham”, es la siguiente: ¿por qué China había sido superada por Occidente en ciencia y tecnología, a pesar de sus éxitos anteriores?
Muchos explicaron el estancamiento del desarrollo de China por el concepto de “trampa del equilibrio de alto nivel”, que se caracterizó por la falta de capital humano y espíritu empresarial, mercados restringidos y riesgos políticos.
La explicación de por qué la Revolución Industrial no se originó en China está asociada con la naturaleza de la invención y el descubrimiento. Por ejemplo, en el período de tiempo premoderno, las innovaciones se desarrollaron a partir de la experiencia adquirida durante muchos años de realizar las mismas tareas. Contrariamente a esto, el período posmoderno se caracterizó por la innovación derivada de los experimentos. Por lo tanto, China se retrasó en su desarrollo innovador porque no hizo un cambio hacia la innovación basada en experimentos y continuó basando los avances tecnológicos en la experiencia.
Muchas teorías explican la paradoja de Needham de por qué la tecnología de China estaba tan por delante de las civilizaciones occidentales pero fracasó en los tiempos modernos. A pesar de que la gran población de China facilitó las innovaciones y el desarrollo en tiempos premodernos, el país colapsó en su camino hacia el avance debido a la falta de integración del componente científico en la creación de nuevos inventos. Esto significa que el país tenía que estar mejor equipado con tecnología importante e innovaciones adaptativas que facilitarían la investigación nacional y pondrían al país por delante de los demás.
PrisioneroEnArgentina.com
Enero 13, 2023
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CommentLet’s see, what do I start? Despite losing most of Northern China to the Jin, the Song to their credit were still able to hold off the Jin and later Mongols for most of their dynasty by investing in strong fortifications at key strategic locations, and of course their advanced gunpowder weapons certainly kept their enemies at bay, even when the Song bureaucracy and its emperors became increasingly feckless and corrupt. One example is their navy. As unlike their northern neighbors the Song could employ riverboats equipped with paddle wheel technology that had better movement and maneuverability compared to traditional sailing ships. These boats equipped were equipped with trebuchets that lobbed gunpowder bombs at enemy fleets were virtually unassailable when taking on the Jin navy on the Yangtze. These ships were so effective that they were even used up until the Opium Wars, much to the surprise of the British who did not expect the Chinese to be this advanced in their nautical technology.
I think the Chinese would have definitely gone Industrialized had it not been for the Mongols. China during the Song Dynasty 宋朝 was pretty advance due to inheriting some levels of science and technology from the past Chinese Dynasty the Tang 唐朝. It’s population was already at a height of 80 million people. Meanwhile the total population of all of Europe during the 1000s CE combined was only at 56.4 million people only. Also like you said in this video their GDP was pretty high about $997 million. Plus Europe wasn’t even unified and was mostly their own small independent Kingdoms or nations, while China was unified as one and large as one. China was also the first to build the clock tower long before the British did it in the 1800s CE. China even had lots and lots of machines similar to the British Industrial Revolution in the 1800s CE. China also produce the largest amount of Iron and were able to make at least 120,000 tons or more of Iron each year. Meanwhile the British were only able to make only 12,000 tons of Iron before their Industrial Revolution. Let’s not forget the Chinese were already the first to use coal before anyone else. China during the Song Dynasty had not only lots of lots of machines they also had advance science and technologies of their time. But sadly we will never know or see Song Dynasty’s 宋朝 lost and advance science and technology because of the Mongols.
Who said being unified is an advantage at early industrialization? Possibly being disunified and the competition between states is the most advantageous situation for that level of development.
Even more importantly, had the rough equilibrium between Southern Song, Xi Xia and the Jurchen Jin continued; we might have seen the rise of a sort of proto-Chinese colonial Empire in SE Asia and potentially Australia driven by a need to “play tall,” so to speak; allowing the East Asian sphere to begin dominating and exploiting a fairly new economic frontier, just as the Europeans did the Americas.
宋代被认为是真正的文艺复兴时期，比欧洲的启蒙运动早了几个世纪。 如果事情继续按照他们的方式发展，中国很可能会经历一个工业时代。 已经掌握了高炉技术，丝绸、造纸和陶瓷的工业规模生产，以及当时相当先进的军火工业。 中国和他们的东亚邻国很可能在 19 世纪英国人之前就已经经历了工业时代。