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  Por Larry Canner. 

La listeria se refiere a un grupo de bacterias, en particular Listeria monocytogenes, que puede causar una grave enfermedad transmitida por los alimentos llamada listeriosis. Si bien es poco común, la listeriosis puede ser mortal, especialmente para las poblaciones vulnerables.

Qué es

La Listeria monocytogenes es una bacteria que se encuentra en el suelo, el agua y las heces de los animales.

Puede contaminar los alimentos durante su procesamiento o manipulación, y sobrevive a la refrigeración e incluso a la congelación, lo que la hace especialmente peligrosa en productos listos para el consumo.

Fuentes comunes de contaminación: La Listeria se encuentra con mayor frecuencia en:

Quesos blandos (Brie, Camembert, queso fresco)

Carnes frías y salchichas

Leche y productos lácteos sin pasteurizar

Pescado y paté ahumados en frío

Brotes crudos y productos sin lavar

Síntomas de la listeriosis: Los síntomas varían según la persona y la gravedad:

Casos leves: Diarrea, náuseas, vómitos, fiebre

Casos graves: Dolor de cabeza, rigidez de nuca, confusión, pérdida del equilibrio, convulsiones

Embarazo: Puede causar aborto espontáneo, muerte fetal o infección grave en recién nacidos

Los síntomas pueden aparecer desde unos días hasta dos meses después de ingerir alimentos contaminados.

¿Quiénes corren mayor riesgo?

Mujeres embarazadas

Recién nacidos

Adultos mayores de 65 años

Personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados

Pacientes con cáncer o trasplantes

Tratamiento y prevención

Se utilizan antibióticos para infecciones invasivas.

La mayoría de los casos leves se resuelven sin tratamiento.

La prevención incluye la manipulación adecuada de los alimentos, evitar los alimentos de alto riesgo y seguir las recomendaciones de los retiros de alimentos.

Impacto en EE. UU.

Alrededor de 1600 casos ocurren al año.

Aproximadamente 260 muertes al año.

Es la tercera causa principal de muerte por enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos en EE. UU.

¿Seguirán los CDC monitoreando este problema?
No activamente, al menos no como antes. A partir de julio de 2025, los CDC redujeron drásticamente su vigilancia de la seguridad alimentaria, incluyendo la de Listeria, debido a recortes presupuestarios y presiones políticas. ¿Qué ha cambiado? La Red de Vigilancia Activa de Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos (FoodNet) de los CDC anteriormente monitoreaba ocho patógenos principales, incluyendo Listeria, Campylobacter y Shigella. Ahora, solo monitorea activamente Salmonella y E. coli productora de toxina Shiga (STEC). La Listeria, a pesar de ser uno de los patógenos transmitidos por los alimentos más letales, se eliminó del seguimiento activo.

Por qué es importante

La vigilancia activa implica la identificación proactiva de brotes mediante datos de laboratorio e investigaciones de campo.

Los CDC ahora dependen de sistemas pasivos, como la Iniciativa Listeria, que dependen de que los estados reporten voluntariamente los casos.

Los expertos advierten que este cambio retrasará la detección de brotes, reducirá la conciencia pública y debilitará las regulaciones de seguridad alimentaria.

Preocupaciones de los expertos

El Dr. J. Glenn Morris, de la Universidad de Florida, lo expresó sin rodeos:

“Si quiere que las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos desaparezcan, no busque enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos”.

Con el reciente éxodo de líderes de los CDC y la reorganización política, muchos temen que se esté dejando de lado la vigilancia de las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos en un momento en que los brotes, como el actual grupo multiestatal de Listeria, todavía se están desarrollando.

 


PrisioneroEnArgentina.com

Septiembre 3, 2025


 

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